What Is the Function of a Compressor in an HVAC System?
The compressor is the heart of the cooling function of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The air conditioner component of a building's HVAC system essentially is a type of refrigerator that cools and dehumidifies the air in the building, ensuring thermal comfort for the occupants. Most HVAC compressors look like a black box with lines running to and from it.
Compressor Function
Air conditioners are devices that transfer heat from an enclosed space to the outside air. The motor-driven compressor in an air conditioning system powers the whole heat-transfer cycle. Air conditioners rely on two facts of nature. One is that heat flows from a high-temperature area to a lower temperature area. The other is that gases always flow from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area.
Air Conditioning Cycle
The heat-transfer cycle starts as the compressor squeezes the refrigerant. This squeezing action raises its temperature well above that of the surrounding atmosphere. The squeezing action also pressurizes the refrigerant just to its liquefying point so it can flow through the system. The hot, pressurized, liquified refrigerant flows to a condenser coil where it gives up its excess heat to the cooler atmosphere. Typically, a fan blows air through the condenser coil to facilitate transfer of the excess heat.
Expansion Phase
After shedding its excess heat to the atmosphere, the refrigerant flows to an evaporator coil where it expands into a gas at the reduced pressure in the evaporator, which is located in the space to be cooled. This expansion requires heat, which is drawn from the air in the enclosed space that's being cooled. This warms the refrigerant. The cold evaporator also draws humidity from the air. A fan blowing across the evaporator coil facilitates this transfer of heat and humidity. As the compressor pushes hot pressurized refrigerant toward the condenser, it pulls the warm vaporized refrigerant from the evaporator to start the cycle all over again.
The compressor is the heart of the cooling function of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The air conditioner component of a building's HVAC system essentially is a type of refrigerator that cools and dehumidifies the air in the building, ensuring thermal comfort for the occupants. Most HVAC compressors look like a black box with lines running to and from it.
Compressor Function
Air conditioners are devices that transfer heat from an enclosed space to the outside air. The motor-driven compressor in an air conditioning system powers the whole heat-transfer cycle. Air conditioners rely on two facts of nature. One is that heat flows from a high-temperature area to a lower temperature area. The other is that gases always flow from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area.
Air Conditioning Cycle
The heat-transfer cycle starts as the compressor squeezes the refrigerant. This squeezing action raises its temperature well above that of the surrounding atmosphere. The squeezing action also pressurizes the refrigerant just to its liquefying point so it can flow through the system. The hot, pressurized, liquified refrigerant flows to a condenser coil where it gives up its excess heat to the cooler atmosphere. Typically, a fan blows air through the condenser coil to facilitate transfer of the excess heat.
Expansion Phase
After shedding its excess heat to the atmosphere, the refrigerant flows to an evaporator coil where it expands into a gas at the reduced pressure in the evaporator, which is located in the space to be cooled. This expansion requires heat, which is drawn from the air in the enclosed space that's being cooled. This warms the refrigerant. The cold evaporator also draws humidity from the air. A fan blowing across the evaporator coil facilitates this transfer of heat and humidity. As the compressor pushes hot pressurized refrigerant toward the condenser, it pulls the warm vaporized refrigerant from the evaporator to start the cycle all over again.
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